kaleidoscope
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Η kaleidoscope αυτή τη στιγμή δεν είναι συνδεδεμένη. Επαγγέλεται Φοιτητής/τρια και μας γράφει απο Θεσσαλονίκη (Θεσσαλονίκη). Έχει γράψει 9,248 μηνύματα.
09-01-11
13:22
Με μια πρόχειρη αναζήτηση βρήκα μερικές ενδιαφέρουσες έρευνες. Από ότι βλέπω παλιά η κριτική ήταν πιο αυστηρή όσον αφορά τις επιπτώσεις της μαριχουάνας στον ανθρώπινο οργανισμό, τώρα κάποια πράγματα αναθεωρούνται. Και πάλι όμως, δεν μπορεί να ισχυριστεί κανείς ότι δεν υπάρχουν συνέπειες.
1. The human toxicity of marijuana.
Nahas G, Latour C.
Med J Aust. 1992 Apr 6;156(7):495-7
The pathophysiological effects of marijuana smoke and its constituent cannabinoids were reported first from in-vitro and in-vivo experimental studies. Marijuana smoke is mutagenic in the Ames test and in tissue culture and cannabinoids inhibit biosynthesis of macromolecules. In animals, marijuana or delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the intoxicating material it contains, produces symptoms of neurobehavioural toxicity, disrupts all phases of gonadal or reproductive function, and is fetotoxic. Smoking marijuana can lead to symptoms of airway obstruction as well as squamous metaplasia. Clinical manifestations of pathophysiology due to marijuana smoking are now being reported. These include: long-term impairment of memory in adolescents; prolonged impairment of psychomotor performance; a sixfold increase in the incidence of schizophrenia; cancer of mouth, jaw, tongue and lung in 19-30 year olds; fetotoxicity; and non-lymphoblastic leukemia in children of marijuana-smoking mothers.
2. The Residual Cognitive Effects of Heavy Marijuana Use in College Students
Harrison G. Pope, Jr, MD; Deborah Yurgelun-Todd, PhD
JAMA. 1996;275(7):521-527
Conclusions. —Heavy marijuana use is associated with residual neuropsychological effects even after a day of supervised abstinence from the drug. However, the question remains open as to whether this impairment is due to a residue of drug in the brain, a withdrawal effect from the drug, or a frank neurotoxic effect of the drug.
3. Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Enhances Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Suppression of the Antitumor Immune Response
Robert J. McKallip2,, Mitzi Nagarkatti and Prakash S. Nagarkatti †
The Journal of Immunology March 15, 2005 vol. 174 no. 6 3281-3289
4. Marijuana Use and the Risk of Lung and Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers: Results of a Population-Based Case-Control Study
Mia Hashibe, Hal Morgenstern, Yan Cui, Donald P. Tashkin, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Wendy Cozen, Thomas M. Mack and Sander Greenland
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev October 2006 15; 1829
Conclusions: Our results may have been affected by selection bias or error in measuring lifetime exposure and confounder histories; but they suggest that the association of these cancers with marijuana, even long-term or heavy use, is not strong and may be below practically detectable limits.
5. Severe multisystem dysfunction in a case of high level exposure to smoked cannabis
BMJ Case Reports 2009
6. Marijuana: Use Among Young Males and Health Outcomes
Melissa Pujazon-Zazik, MD, MPH
Am J Mens Health September 2009 vol. 3 no. 3 265-274
Despite malesʼ greater use, little research has examined gender differences in areas such as metabolism of marijuana and long-term impact of marijuana use. In many areas, including dental health, fertility, and respiratory function, research is either sparse or has yielded conflicting results. Similarly, research on marijuanaʼs carcinogenic effects has yielded conflicting results; however, a small but consistent literature indicates that marijuana use is linked to cancers unique to males. A stronger literature has identified an association between marijuana use and psychiatric problems.
7. Marijuana Use is Not Associated with Cervical Human Papillomavirus Natural History or Cervical Neoplasia in HIV-Seropositive or HIV-Seronegative Women
Gypsyamber D'Souza, Joel M. Palefsky, Ye Zhong, Howard Minkoff, L. Stewart Massad, Kathy Anastos, Alexandra M. Levine, Michael Moxley, Xiao N. Xue, Robert D. Burk and Howard D. Strickler
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev March 2010 19; 869
Marijuana use was recently reported to have a positive cross-sectional association with human papillomavirus (HPV)–related head and neck cancer. Laboratory data suggest that marijuana could have an immunomodulatory effect. Little is known, however, regarding the effects of marijuana use on cervical HPV or neoplasia. Therefore, we studied the natural history (i.e., prevalence, incident detection, clearance/persistence) of cervical HPV and cervical neoplasia (i.e., squamous intraepithelial lesions; SIL) in a large prospective cohort of 2,584 HIV-seropositive and 915 HIV-seronegative women. Marijuana use was classified as ever/never, current/not current, and by frequency and duration of use. No positive associations were observed between use of marijuana, and either cervical HPV infection or SIL. The findings were similar among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women, and in tobacco smokers and nonsmokers. These data suggest that marijuana use does not increase the burden of cervical HPV infection or SIL.
1. The human toxicity of marijuana.
Nahas G, Latour C.
Med J Aust. 1992 Apr 6;156(7):495-7
The pathophysiological effects of marijuana smoke and its constituent cannabinoids were reported first from in-vitro and in-vivo experimental studies. Marijuana smoke is mutagenic in the Ames test and in tissue culture and cannabinoids inhibit biosynthesis of macromolecules. In animals, marijuana or delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the intoxicating material it contains, produces symptoms of neurobehavioural toxicity, disrupts all phases of gonadal or reproductive function, and is fetotoxic. Smoking marijuana can lead to symptoms of airway obstruction as well as squamous metaplasia. Clinical manifestations of pathophysiology due to marijuana smoking are now being reported. These include: long-term impairment of memory in adolescents; prolonged impairment of psychomotor performance; a sixfold increase in the incidence of schizophrenia; cancer of mouth, jaw, tongue and lung in 19-30 year olds; fetotoxicity; and non-lymphoblastic leukemia in children of marijuana-smoking mothers.
2. The Residual Cognitive Effects of Heavy Marijuana Use in College Students
Harrison G. Pope, Jr, MD; Deborah Yurgelun-Todd, PhD
JAMA. 1996;275(7):521-527
Conclusions. —Heavy marijuana use is associated with residual neuropsychological effects even after a day of supervised abstinence from the drug. However, the question remains open as to whether this impairment is due to a residue of drug in the brain, a withdrawal effect from the drug, or a frank neurotoxic effect of the drug.
3. Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Enhances Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Suppression of the Antitumor Immune Response
Robert J. McKallip2,, Mitzi Nagarkatti and Prakash S. Nagarkatti †
The Journal of Immunology March 15, 2005 vol. 174 no. 6 3281-3289
4. Marijuana Use and the Risk of Lung and Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers: Results of a Population-Based Case-Control Study
Mia Hashibe, Hal Morgenstern, Yan Cui, Donald P. Tashkin, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Wendy Cozen, Thomas M. Mack and Sander Greenland
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev October 2006 15; 1829
Conclusions: Our results may have been affected by selection bias or error in measuring lifetime exposure and confounder histories; but they suggest that the association of these cancers with marijuana, even long-term or heavy use, is not strong and may be below practically detectable limits.
5. Severe multisystem dysfunction in a case of high level exposure to smoked cannabis
BMJ Case Reports 2009
6. Marijuana: Use Among Young Males and Health Outcomes
Melissa Pujazon-Zazik, MD, MPH
Am J Mens Health September 2009 vol. 3 no. 3 265-274
Despite malesʼ greater use, little research has examined gender differences in areas such as metabolism of marijuana and long-term impact of marijuana use. In many areas, including dental health, fertility, and respiratory function, research is either sparse or has yielded conflicting results. Similarly, research on marijuanaʼs carcinogenic effects has yielded conflicting results; however, a small but consistent literature indicates that marijuana use is linked to cancers unique to males. A stronger literature has identified an association between marijuana use and psychiatric problems.
7. Marijuana Use is Not Associated with Cervical Human Papillomavirus Natural History or Cervical Neoplasia in HIV-Seropositive or HIV-Seronegative Women
Gypsyamber D'Souza, Joel M. Palefsky, Ye Zhong, Howard Minkoff, L. Stewart Massad, Kathy Anastos, Alexandra M. Levine, Michael Moxley, Xiao N. Xue, Robert D. Burk and Howard D. Strickler
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev March 2010 19; 869
Marijuana use was recently reported to have a positive cross-sectional association with human papillomavirus (HPV)–related head and neck cancer. Laboratory data suggest that marijuana could have an immunomodulatory effect. Little is known, however, regarding the effects of marijuana use on cervical HPV or neoplasia. Therefore, we studied the natural history (i.e., prevalence, incident detection, clearance/persistence) of cervical HPV and cervical neoplasia (i.e., squamous intraepithelial lesions; SIL) in a large prospective cohort of 2,584 HIV-seropositive and 915 HIV-seronegative women. Marijuana use was classified as ever/never, current/not current, and by frequency and duration of use. No positive associations were observed between use of marijuana, and either cervical HPV infection or SIL. The findings were similar among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women, and in tobacco smokers and nonsmokers. These data suggest that marijuana use does not increase the burden of cervical HPV infection or SIL.
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